{"collection_id":"research:trinity","edges":[{"directional":false,"id":"local:comparison:trinity:aquinas-hegel-personal-distinction","layer":"treatment_comparison","limitations":"This compares the stored reconstructions at their stated scope. It does not claim that Hegel directly criticizes Aquinas, that Aquinas denies all movement, or that either account is exhausted by this contrast.","predicate":"contrasts_with","source":"local:treatment:trinity:aquinas:relations-and-persons","sources":[{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","capture_id":"local:capture:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","locator":"Section 4.1, Thomas Aquinas; Summa theologiae I.27–43 and Summa contra gentiles IV.1–26.","rights":"Copyright 2020 Dale Tuggy. Reference-only consultation; no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","title":"History of Trinitarian Doctrines","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html"},{"attribution":"Guanyu Guo","capture_id":"local:capture:guo-hegel-religion:2025-09-15","locator":"Introduction; section 3.4 on Christianity as consummate religion; section 4 on the Trinity's universal-particular-singular structure","rights":"Open-access scholarly article; reference-only consultation, no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:guo-hegel-religion:2025","title":"From Religious Representation to Conceptual Truth: The Role of Religion in Hegel's Philosophical System","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16091187"}],"statement":"Aquinas locates personal distinction in relations constituting divine persons within one essence; Hegel reads the distinctions as representational moments of a self-differentiating spiritual unity. 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Reference-only consultation; no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","title":"History of Trinitarian Doctrines","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html"},{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","capture_id":"local:capture:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","locator":"Section 3.3.2 Augustine; relational predication and divine simplicity, Books V–VII.","rights":"Copyright 2020 Dale Tuggy. Reference-only consultation; no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","title":"History of Trinitarian Doctrines","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html"}],"statement":"Both accounts explain personal distinction through relations within one simple divine essence. 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Reference-only consultation; no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","title":"History of Trinitarian Doctrines","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html"},{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","capture_id":"local:capture:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","locator":"Section 3.3.2 Augustine; relational predication and divine simplicity, Books V–VII.","rights":"Copyright 2020 Dale Tuggy. 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His writings examine knowledge, will, grace, freedom, and the mind; On the Trinity uses the human mind as an image of the divine Trinity."},{"attribution":"","date_note":"A family of theories developed over time, not a single dated proposition; chronological placement belongs to specific treatments and formulations.","dates":[{"attributed_to":"Robert Pasnau; Dale Tuggy","basis":"direct","calendar":"historical_BCE_CE","date_record_id":"local:date:frontier5:aquinas-idea-attestation","earliest_year":1267,"event":"attestation","explanation":"A dated instance in Aquinas’s treatment; not the concept’s origin date.","latest_year":1273,"precision":"range","preferred_for_timeline":false,"references":[{"capture_id":"local:capture:sep-aquinas:fall2024:chronology","locator":"Bibliography A1, Summa theologiae","source_title":"Thomas Aquinas","source_url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/aquinas/"},{"capture_id":"local:capture:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","locator":"Section 4.1, Thomas Aquinas; Summa theologiae I.27–43","source_title":"History of Trinitarian Doctrines","source_url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html"}],"review_state":"assistant_checked_against_source","source_date_text":"Summa theologiae, composition circa 1267–1273","target_id":"local:entity:divine-relations-and-trinitarian-persons","work_id":null,"work_label":null}],"id":"local:entity:divine-relations-and-trinitarian-persons","kind":"concept_family","label":"Divine relations and Trinitarian persons","limitations":"","scope":"","sources":[{"locator":"Introduction; 1. 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The SEP situates him in German idealism and traces a philosophical development from his early association with Schelling toward the Phenomenology of Spirit and his mature system."},{"attribution":"","date_note":"The graph date marks Augustine’s attestation in De Trinitate (399–422 CE); it does not claim to date the origin of the broader mental-analogy tradition.","dates":[{"attributed_to":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy","basis":"direct","calendar":"historical_BCE_CE","date_record_id":"local:date:mental-analogy:de-trinitate-attestation","earliest_year":399,"event":"attestation","explanation":"Placed by the SEP-reported composition window for De Trinitate, in which Augustine’s mind/knowledge/love and memory/understanding/will analogies are discussed. This dates the cited Augustinian attestation, not the origin of the broader analogy family.","latest_year":422,"precision":"range","preferred_for_timeline":false,"references":[{"capture_id":"local:capture:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","locator":"Section 3.3.2, Augustine’s psychological analogies in De Trinitate, Books VIII–XV","source_title":"History of Trinitarian Doctrines","source_url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html"},{"capture_id":"local:capture:sep-augustine:spr2019:2026-10-12","locator":"De Trinitate chronology in the work list","source_title":"Augustine","source_url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/augustine/"}],"review_state":"assistant_checked_against_source","source_date_text":"De Trinitate composed 399–422 CE","target_id":"local:entity:mental-analogy","work_id":null,"work_label":null}],"id":"local:entity:mental-analogy","kind":"concept_family","label":"Mental analogy","limitations":"","scope":"","sources":[{"locator":"3.3.2 Augustine; discussion of psychological analogies","title":"Trinity > History of Trinitarian Doctrines — Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2025 archive)","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2025/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html"},{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","capture_id":"local:capture:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","locator":"Section 3.3.2, Augustine’s psychological analogies in De Trinitate, Books VIII–XV","rights":"Copyright 2020 Dale Tuggy. Reference-only consultation; no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","title":"History of Trinitarian Doctrines","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html"},{"attribution":"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy","capture_id":"local:capture:sep-augustine:spr2019:2026-10-12","locator":"De Trinitate chronology in the work list","rights":"Copyrighted reference article; consulted for work chronology only; no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:sep-augustine:spr2019","title":"Augustine","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/augustine/"}],"summary":"The mental analogy uses features of the human mind—such as memory, understanding, and will—to explore unity and distinction in the Trinity. Augustine’s account became especially influential, but analogies are aids to interpretation and do not make a human mind equivalent to the divine life."},{"attribution":"","date_note":"The doctrine developed across texts, councils, and thinkers; it has no single date. Follow its dated treatments and events through the graph.","dates":[],"id":"local:entity:trinity","kind":"concept_family","label":"Trinity","limitations":"","scope":"","sources":[{"locator":"Introduction; 1. Trinity Theories; Supplement: History of Trinitarian Doctrines","title":"Trinity — Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2026 archive)","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2026/entries/trinity/"},{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","capture_id":"local:capture:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","locator":"Sections 3.3.2 and 4.1; bounded pilot consultation","rights":"Copyright 2020 Dale Tuggy. Reference-only consultation; no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","title":"History of Trinitarian Doctrines","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html"}],"summary":"The Christian doctrine of the Trinity holds that the one God is Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, commonly described as three persons sharing one divine essence. Its terms and logic have been understood in multiple ways; the history includes substantial disputes about how unity and distinction are related."},{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","date_note":"Placed by the associated work's sourced composition interval; not an inferred onset of the thinker's view.","dates":[{"attributed_to":"Robert Pasnau","basis":"work_composition","calendar":"historical_BCE_CE","date_record_id":"local:date:trinity:aquinas:composition","earliest_year":1267,"event":"composition","explanation":"Composition range reported by this source for the whole work; not a precise date for I.27–43.","latest_year":1273,"precision":"range","preferred_for_timeline":false,"references":[{"capture_id":"local:capture:sep-aquinas:fall2024:chronology","locator":"Bibliography A1. Theological Syntheses; Summa theologiae","source_title":"Thomas Aquinas","source_url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/aquinas/"}],"review_state":"assistant_checked_against_source","source_date_text":null,"target_id":"local:treatment:trinity:aquinas","work_id":"local:work:summa-theologiae","work_label":"Summa Theologiae"}],"id":"local:treatment:trinity:aquinas","kind":"treatment","label":"Aquinas on the Trinity","limitations":"One scholarly reconstruction; no consensus or influence claim. Timeline uses whole-work composition range, not a precise date of the passages discussed.","scope":"Relational distinction and the identity objection in Summa Theologiae I.27–43, as discussed by Tuggy.","sources":[{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","capture_id":"local:capture:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","locator":"Section 4.1 Thomas Aquinas; Summa Theologiae I.27–43.","rights":"Copyright 2020 Dale Tuggy. Reference-only consultation; no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","title":"History of Trinitarian Doctrines","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html"}],"summary":"Aquinas develops a relational account of personal distinction within the one divine essence. He distinguishes sameness in thing from sameness in concept to answer the objection that shared essence collapses the persons into one; the success of this move remains disputed."},{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","date_note":"Placed by the sourced composition interval for Summa theologiae; work context, not a precise date for I.27–43.","dates":[{"attributed_to":"Robert Pasnau","basis":"work_composition","calendar":"historical_BCE_CE","date_record_id":"local:date:trinity:aquinas:composition","earliest_year":1267,"event":"composition","explanation":"Composition range reported by this source for the whole work; not a precise date for I.27–43.","latest_year":1273,"precision":"range","preferred_for_timeline":false,"references":[{"capture_id":"local:capture:sep-aquinas:fall2024:chronology","locator":"Bibliography A1. Theological Syntheses; Summa theologiae","source_title":"Thomas Aquinas","source_url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/aquinas/"}],"review_state":"assistant_checked_against_source","source_date_text":null,"target_id":"local:treatment:trinity:aquinas:relations-and-persons","work_id":"local:work:summa-theologiae","work_label":"Summa Theologiae"}],"id":"local:treatment:trinity:aquinas:relations-and-persons","kind":"treatment","label":"Aquinas on relations constituting divine persons","limitations":"The SEP calls the account difficult and raises questions about the coherence of its identity distinctions. The dated Summa composition range locates the work, not these passages or the development of Aquinas’s view.","scope":"Aquinas’s account of relations and processions in Summa theologiae I.27–43, with the source also directing readers to Summa contra gentiles IV.1–26.","sources":[{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","capture_id":"local:capture:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","locator":"Section 4.1, Thomas Aquinas; Summa theologiae I.27–43 and Summa contra gentiles IV.1–26.","rights":"Copyright 2020 Dale Tuggy. Reference-only consultation; no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","title":"History of Trinitarian Doctrines","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html"}],"summary":"Aquinas treats divine processions and relations as constitutive of the personal distinctions within the one divine essence. Paternity, filiation, and procession distinguish the persons without dividing the simple divine nature."},{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","date_note":"Placed by the sourced 1267–1273 composition range of the associated Summa Theologiae, not by a known development date for this argument.","dates":[{"attributed_to":"Robert Pasnau","basis":"work_composition","calendar":"historical_BCE_CE","date_record_id":"local:date:trinity:aquinas:composition","earliest_year":1267,"event":"composition","explanation":"Composition range reported by this source for the whole work; not a precise date for I.27–43.","latest_year":1273,"precision":"range","preferred_for_timeline":false,"references":[{"capture_id":"local:capture:sep-aquinas:fall2024:chronology","locator":"Bibliography A1. Theological Syntheses; Summa theologiae","source_title":"Thomas Aquinas","source_url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/aquinas/"}],"review_state":"assistant_checked_against_source","source_date_text":null,"target_id":"local:treatment:trinity:aquinas:sameness-thing-concept","work_id":"local:work:summa-theologiae","work_label":"Summa Theologiae"}],"id":"local:treatment:trinity:aquinas:sameness-thing-concept","kind":"treatment","label":"Aquinas on sameness in thing and concept","limitations":"A provisional summary of one scholarly reconstruction. The article explicitly calls the move puzzling and presents a critical reading; this stub does not settle whether Aquinas's solution succeeds. The Summa composition range dates the whole work, not this exact argument.","scope":"The identity objection and Aquinas's distinction between sameness in thing and in concept, as reconstructed in the SEP Trinity history, section 4.1.","sources":[{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","capture_id":"local:capture:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","locator":"Section 4.1 Thomas Aquinas; discussion of identitas secundum rem et rationem and identitas secundum rem","rights":"Copyright 2020 Dale Tuggy. Reference-only consultation; no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","title":"History of Trinitarian Doctrines","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html"}],"summary":"The divine persons can be the same in thing without being the same in concept. Aquinas uses that distinction to answer the objection that sharing one divine essence collapses the persons into one another."},{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","date_note":"Placed by the associated work's sourced composition interval; not an inferred onset of the thinker's view.","dates":[{"attributed_to":"Christian Tornau","basis":"work_composition","calendar":"historical_BCE_CE","date_record_id":"local:date:trinity:augustine:composition","earliest_year":399,"event":"composition","explanation":"Begun in 399; completion in 419 or possibly as late as 426. Bounds retain the later possibility, not a claim of continuous composition through 426.","latest_year":426,"precision":"range","preferred_for_timeline":false,"references":[{"capture_id":"local:capture:sep-augustine:fall2024:chronology","locator":"2. Work; De trinitate","source_title":"Augustine of Hippo","source_url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/augustine/"}],"review_state":"assistant_checked_against_source","source_date_text":null,"target_id":"local:treatment:trinity:augustine","work_id":"local:work:de-trinitate","work_label":"On the Trinity (De Trinitate)"}],"id":"local:treatment:trinity:augustine","kind":"treatment","label":"Augustine on the Trinity","limitations":"One scholarly reconstruction; no consensus or influence claim. Timeline uses whole-work composition range, not a precise date of the passages discussed.","scope":"Overview of Augustine’s On the Trinity: relational predication, divine unity, and the limits of psychological analogy, as interpreted by Tuggy.","sources":[{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","capture_id":"local:capture:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","locator":"Section 3.3.2 Augustine; discussion of De Trinitate books X, XIV and XV.","rights":"Copyright 2020 Dale Tuggy. Reference-only consultation; no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","title":"History of Trinitarian Doctrines","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html"},{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","capture_id":"local:capture:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","locator":"Section 3.3.2 Augustine; relational predication and divine simplicity, Books V–VII.","rights":"Copyright 2020 Dale Tuggy. Reference-only consultation; no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","title":"History of Trinitarian Doctrines","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html"}],"summary":"Augustine combines an account of relational distinction, in which names such as Father and Son concern relations within the one simple divine essence, with psychological analogies that offer limited aids to contemplation. The analogies do not adequately represent divine life."},{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","date_note":"Placed by the sourced composition interval for De Trinitate; this is work context, not a precise date for Book IX or the development of Augustine's view.","dates":[{"attributed_to":"Christian Tornau","basis":"work_composition","calendar":"historical_BCE_CE","date_record_id":"local:date:trinity:augustine:composition","earliest_year":399,"event":"composition","explanation":"Begun in 399; completion in 419 or possibly as late as 426. Bounds retain the later possibility, not a claim of continuous composition through 426.","latest_year":426,"precision":"range","preferred_for_timeline":false,"references":[{"capture_id":"local:capture:sep-augustine:fall2024:chronology","locator":"2. Work; De trinitate","source_title":"Augustine of Hippo","source_url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/augustine/"}],"review_state":"assistant_checked_against_source","source_date_text":null,"target_id":"local:treatment:trinity:augustine:mind-knowledge-love","work_id":"local:work:de-trinitate","work_label":"On the Trinity (De Trinitate)"}],"id":"local:treatment:trinity:augustine:mind-knowledge-love","kind":"treatment","label":"Augustine on mind, knowledge, and love","limitations":"One scholarly reconstruction. This is distinct from the self-reflection and memory–understanding–will triads; the source emphasizes that even the analogies are immeasurably inadequate to represent God. Work chronology dates the whole De Trinitate, not Book IX individually.","scope":"The mind–knowledge–love triad in De Trinitate IX.1, as reconstructed in the source.","sources":[{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","capture_id":"local:capture:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","locator":"Section 3.3.2 Augustine; psychological analogies, mind, knowledge, and love (Book IX.1; cited pages 272–275)","rights":"Copyright 2020 Dale Tuggy. Reference-only consultation; no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","title":"History of Trinitarian Doctrines","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html"}],"summary":"The mind, its knowledge, and its love form a threefold image through which the human mind can contemplate the Trinity. The analogy offers an aid to reflection, not an adequate representation of divine life."},{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","date_note":"Placed by the sourced composition interval for De Trinitate; this is work context, not a precise date for Books V–VII or the development of Augustine's view.","dates":[{"attributed_to":"Christian Tornau","basis":"work_composition","calendar":"historical_BCE_CE","date_record_id":"local:date:trinity:augustine:composition","earliest_year":399,"event":"composition","explanation":"Begun in 399; completion in 419 or possibly as late as 426. Bounds retain the later possibility, not a claim of continuous composition through 426.","latest_year":426,"precision":"range","preferred_for_timeline":false,"references":[{"capture_id":"local:capture:sep-augustine:fall2024:chronology","locator":"2. Work; De trinitate","source_title":"Augustine of Hippo","source_url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/augustine/"}],"review_state":"assistant_checked_against_source","source_date_text":null,"target_id":"local:treatment:trinity:augustine:relational-predication","work_id":"local:work:de-trinitate","work_label":"On the Trinity (De Trinitate)"}],"id":"local:treatment:trinity:augustine:relational-predication","kind":"treatment","label":"Augustine on relational predication and divine unity","limitations":"One scholarly reconstruction. The source presents a difficult account and does not settle how relations distinguish persons within a simple divine essence. Work chronology dates the whole De Trinitate, not these books individually.","scope":"The distinction between essential and relational predication in De Trinitate, Books V–VII, as reconstructed in the source.","sources":[{"attribution":"Dale Tuggy","capture_id":"local:capture:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","locator":"Section 3.3.2 Augustine; relational predication and divine simplicity, Books V–VII","rights":"Copyright 2020 Dale Tuggy. Reference-only consultation; no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:sep-trinity-history:fall2024","title":"History of Trinitarian Doctrines","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html"}],"summary":"Divine names such as Father and Son distinguish persons relationally, while essential predicates refer to the one simple divine essence. Augustine considers and rejects the view that every true divine predicate is relational."},{"attribution":"Guanyu Guo","date_note":"Placed by the 1821–1831 lecture-series interval; this is not a single publication date or a precise onset of the account.","dates":[{"attributed_to":"Open Library bibliographic record; edition edited by Peter C. Hodgson","basis":"work_composition","calendar":"historical_BCE_CE","date_record_id":"local:date:hegel-lectures-religion:delivery","earliest_year":1821,"event":"composition","explanation":"The bibliographic record identifies lecture series delivered in 1821, 1824, 1827 and 1831. The range represents repeated delivery and revision, not continuous composition.","latest_year":1831,"precision":"range","preferred_for_timeline":false,"references":[{"capture_id":"local:capture:openlibrary-hegel-religion:2026-10-12","locator":"Edition description: lecture series delivered in 1821, 1824, 1827, and 1831","source_title":"Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion: The Lectures of 1827","source_url":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24189177M/Lectures_on_the_philosophy_of_religion"}],"review_state":"assistant_checked_against_source","source_date_text":null,"target_id":"local:treatment:trinity:hegel","work_id":"local:work:hegel-lectures-religion","work_label":"Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion"}],"id":"local:treatment:trinity:hegel","kind":"treatment","label":"Hegel on the Trinity","limitations":"One recent systematic interpretation. It does not settle metaphysical versus non-metaphysical readings of Hegel, identify dialectic simply with the Holy Spirit, or establish a historical influence relation to earlier treatments.","scope":"The Trinity as a representational form of conceptual self-mediation in Hegel's philosophy of religion.","sources":[{"attribution":"Guanyu Guo","capture_id":"local:capture:guo-hegel-religion:2025-09-15","locator":"Abstract; section 1; discussion of Christianity's epistemological ascent and tension","rights":"Open-access scholarly article; reference-only consultation, no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:guo-hegel-religion:2025","title":"From Religious Representation to Conceptual Truth: The Role of Religion in Hegel's Philosophical System","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16091187"}],"summary":"The Trinity gives religious representation a structure of self-differentiating unity: Father, Son and Spirit present the movement from universality through particularity to singularity. Its content points beyond pictorial sequence toward the Concept, in which Spirit comprehends this differentiation and return as its own self-mediation."},{"attribution":"Guanyu Guo","date_note":"Placed by the 1821–1831 lecture-series interval; this is a work-context range, not a precise development date.","dates":[{"attributed_to":"Open Library bibliographic record; edition edited by Peter C. Hodgson","basis":"work_composition","calendar":"historical_BCE_CE","date_record_id":"local:date:hegel-lectures-religion:delivery","earliest_year":1821,"event":"composition","explanation":"The bibliographic record identifies lecture series delivered in 1821, 1824, 1827 and 1831. The range represents repeated delivery and revision, not continuous composition.","latest_year":1831,"precision":"range","preferred_for_timeline":false,"references":[{"capture_id":"local:capture:openlibrary-hegel-religion:2026-10-12","locator":"Edition description: lecture series delivered in 1821, 1824, 1827, and 1831","source_title":"Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion: The Lectures of 1827","source_url":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24189177M/Lectures_on_the_philosophy_of_religion"}],"review_state":"assistant_checked_against_source","source_date_text":null,"target_id":"local:treatment:trinity:hegel:differentiation","work_id":"local:work:hegel-lectures-religion","work_label":"Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion"}],"id":"local:treatment:trinity:hegel:differentiation","kind":"treatment","label":"Hegel on Trinitarian differentiation","limitations":"A component of the same recent scholarly reconstruction as the broader Hegel treatment, not an independent source account. It does not establish that this triad exhausts Hegel's doctrine or that the persons are reducible to a schematic formula.","scope":"The logical pattern of unity and differentiation attributed to Hegel's reading of the Trinity.","sources":[{"attribution":"Guanyu Guo","capture_id":"local:capture:guo-hegel-religion:2025-09-15","locator":"Introduction; section 3.4 on Christianity as consummate religion; section 4 on the Trinity's universal-particular-singular structure","rights":"Open-access scholarly article; reference-only consultation, no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:guo-hegel-religion:2025","title":"From Religious Representation to Conceptual Truth: The Role of Religion in Hegel's Philosophical System","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16091187"}],"summary":"The Trinity represents divine unity as internally differentiated rather than abstractly simple. Father, Son and Spirit figure the movement of universality into particularity and its return as singularity, presenting distinction as a moment within one spiritual process."},{"attribution":"Guanyu Guo","date_note":"Placed by the 1821–1831 lecture-series interval; this is a work-context range, not a precise development date.","dates":[{"attributed_to":"Open Library bibliographic record; edition edited by Peter C. Hodgson","basis":"work_composition","calendar":"historical_BCE_CE","date_record_id":"local:date:hegel-lectures-religion:delivery","earliest_year":1821,"event":"composition","explanation":"The bibliographic record identifies lecture series delivered in 1821, 1824, 1827 and 1831. The range represents repeated delivery and revision, not continuous composition.","latest_year":1831,"precision":"range","preferred_for_timeline":false,"references":[{"capture_id":"local:capture:openlibrary-hegel-religion:2026-10-12","locator":"Edition description: lecture series delivered in 1821, 1824, 1827, and 1831","source_title":"Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion: The Lectures of 1827","source_url":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24189177M/Lectures_on_the_philosophy_of_religion"}],"review_state":"assistant_checked_against_source","source_date_text":null,"target_id":"local:treatment:trinity:hegel:self-mediation","work_id":"local:work:hegel-lectures-religion","work_label":"Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion"}],"id":"local:treatment:trinity:hegel:self-mediation","kind":"treatment","label":"Hegel on the Trinity's conceptual self-mediation","limitations":"A component of the same recent scholarly reconstruction as the broader Hegel treatment, not an independent source account. It does not settle whether Hegel supersedes religion, preserves it as an enduring form, or supports later materialist readings.","scope":"The transition from Trinitarian representation to Spirit's conceptual self-comprehension.","sources":[{"attribution":"Guanyu Guo","capture_id":"local:capture:guo-hegel-religion:2025-09-15","locator":"Abstract; introduction; sections 3.4–3.5; section 4 on representation, Concept and self-mediation","rights":"Open-access scholarly article; reference-only consultation, no article text stored.","source_id":"local:source:guo-hegel-religion:2025","title":"From Religious Representation to Conceptual Truth: The Role of Religion in Hegel's Philosophical System","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16091187"}],"summary":"The Trinity's representational sequence carries content that demands conceptual comprehension. Philosophy preserves that content while overcoming its pictorial and externally sequential form, so that Spirit grasps differentiation and reconciliation as its own self-mediating movement."},{"attribution":"","date_note":"Uses the graph's existing composition range; the SEP gives a broad range around 399–422/426 CE.","dates":[{"attributed_to":"Christian Tornau","basis":"direct","calendar":"historical_BCE_CE","date_record_id":"local:date:trinity:augustine:composition","earliest_year":399,"event":"composition","explanation":"Begun in 399; completion in 419 or possibly as late as 426. Bounds retain the later possibility, not a claim of continuous composition through 426.","latest_year":426,"precision":"range","preferred_for_timeline":false,"references":[{"capture_id":"local:capture:sep-augustine:fall2024:chronology","locator":"2. Work; De trinitate","source_title":"Augustine of Hippo","source_url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/augustine/"}],"review_state":"assistant_checked_against_source","source_date_text":null,"target_id":"local:work:de-trinitate","work_id":null,"work_label":null}],"id":"local:work:de-trinitate","kind":"work","label":"On the Trinity (De Trinitate)","limitations":"","scope":"","sources":[{"locator":"5. The Trinity; discussion of De Trinitate","title":"Saint Augustine — Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2024 archive)","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/augustine/"},{"attribution":"Christian Tornau","capture_id":"local:capture:sep-augustine:fall2024:chronology","locator":"2. Work; De trinitate","rights":"Reference-only consultation; copyrighted SEP article text not stored.","source_id":"local:source:sep-augustine:fall2024:chronology","title":"Augustine of Hippo","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/augustine/"}],"summary":"Augustine’s De Trinitate argues for the unity and distinction of Father, Son, and Spirit, then develops analogies from the human mind—memory, understanding, and will—as aids to thinking about the divine image. The work is a major source for Latin Trinitarian theology, while Augustine warns that the analogy remains limited."},{"attribution":"","date_note":"Uses the graph's existing sourced publication/lecture chronology; the source distinguishes Hegel's lectures from posthumous editions.","dates":[{"attributed_to":"Open Library bibliographic record; edition edited by Peter C. Hodgson","basis":"direct","calendar":"historical_BCE_CE","date_record_id":"local:date:hegel-lectures-religion:delivery","earliest_year":1821,"event":"composition","explanation":"The bibliographic record identifies lecture series delivered in 1821, 1824, 1827 and 1831. The range represents repeated delivery and revision, not continuous composition.","latest_year":1831,"precision":"range","preferred_for_timeline":false,"references":[{"capture_id":"local:capture:openlibrary-hegel-religion:2026-10-12","locator":"Edition description: lecture series delivered in 1821, 1824, 1827, and 1831","source_title":"Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion: The Lectures of 1827","source_url":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24189177M/Lectures_on_the_philosophy_of_religion"}],"review_state":"assistant_checked_against_source","source_date_text":null,"target_id":"local:work:hegel-lectures-religion","work_id":null,"work_label":null}],"id":"local:work:hegel-lectures-religion","kind":"work","label":"Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion","limitations":"","scope":"","sources":[{"locator":"Religion; Absolute Spirit; bibliography of the Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion","title":"Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel — Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy","url":"https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hegel/"},{"attribution":"Open Library bibliographic record; edition edited by Peter C. Hodgson","capture_id":"local:capture:openlibrary-hegel-religion:2026-10-12","locator":"Edition description: lecture series delivered in 1821, 1824, 1827, and 1831","rights":"Public bibliographic page consulted for lecture-series chronology; no book text stored.","source_id":"local:source:openlibrary-hegel-religion","title":"Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion: The Lectures of 1827","url":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24189177M/Lectures_on_the_philosophy_of_religion"}],"summary":"Hegel’s Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion treat religion as a form in which spirit represents and comes to consciousness of its content. 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